16^th International Conference on Gastroenterology and Digestive Disorders August 06-07, 2018 Abu Dhabi, UAE

Biography:

Safwan AbdulRahman Taha has completed his Graduation from Basrah College of Medicine on 1983 with honors where he became Professor of Surgery, on 2000 and then founding Dean of Thi Qar College of Medicine (Iraq, 2003). He holds Fellowship of the Royal College of Physician and Surgeons of Glasgow, Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons, Diploma laparoscopic Surgery from Strasbourg University; France and Certificate of the Arab Board of Surgery. He is currently Governor of the UAE Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, Member of the Board of Governors of the American College of Surgeons, Member of the International Relations Committee of the American College of Surgeons and Vice President of the Emirates Society for Laparo-Endoscopic Surgeons. He is an international speaker and has more than 37 published papers. He is the Medical Director and Director of the Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi; UAE.

Abstract:

Since its introduction, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) has always been criticized for its unfavorable effect on Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) andor causing it with conflicting reports in this regards. This presentation reviews data form the published international literature to delineate the effect of LSG on pre-existing GERD as well as its role in the development of new GERD symptoms following surgery with comparison of the effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) on both aspects of GERD. Possible causes of the pattern of LSG's involvement with GERD are also discussed along with suggested solutions and the medical and surgical management of GERD following LSG are outlined in details too.

Biography:

Amin El-Gohary has completed his MBBCh in 1972 and his Diploma in General Surgery in 1975 at Cairo University, Egypt. He became a fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons in UK: Edinburgh in 1979, London in 1980 and Glasgow in 1997. He has worked initially in Egypt and then moved to Kuwait, then to UK, before coming to UAE in 1983. In the same year, he became the Chief and Head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery of a large government hospital. Additionally, he held post as a Medical Director for the same hospital starting 1989. He was appointed as Chief Disaster Officer during Gulf War in 1991. He also held post as the Clinical Dean of Gulf Medical College, Ajman for 3 years. He was awarded the Shield of the College of Pakistan in 1996 and the Medal of International Recognition in pediatric urology from the Russian Association of Andrology in 2010. He was given a Silver Medal from the Royal College of Surgeons – Ireland in 1978 and an Honorary Fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons – Glasgow in 1997. In 2001, he became a Visiting Professor at Munster University, Germany. He is a member of several associations in pediatric surgery: Executive Member of the International Society of Intersex and Hypospadias Disorder (ISHID), British Association of Pediatric Surgery, Egyptian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Asian Association of Pediatric Surgeons and Pan African Association of Pediatric Surgery. He is also the Founder and Member of the Arab Association of Pediatric Surgeons. He has an intensive academic and teaching experience, has written several publications in distinguished medical journals and has made several poster and paper presentations in national and international conferences. Currently, he is an external examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons.

Abstract:

Gohary’s disease is a new phenomenon that has not been described before. It depicts a group of children who present to emergency department with severe agonizing abdominal pain. The pain tends to start and ends abruptly, no predisposing factor and recurs after minutes or hours. Ultrasonography revealed mesas at right iliac fossa, which is usually diagnosed as intussusception. The underlying cause of such phenomenon is the fecal impaction of stool at terminal ileum which acts as intermittent intestinal obstruction. We have encountered 19 cases over the last 5 years, their age varied from 9 months to 8 years with the majority under the age of 2 years. The cardinal symptoms and signs are: (1) Severe abdominal pain that warrants urgent attention, (2) empty rectum on examination and (3) ultrasound diagnosis of intussusception. All of these cases were managed by fleet enemas with immediate response. Awareness of this condition will help to avoid unnecessary investigation and unjustified exploration.

Biography:

Dr Ritu Khare is an accomplished surgeon practising in the UAE for the last 12 years. She is an expert in laparoscopic abdominal surgery, bariatric surgery, colorectal surgery, hernia surgery and all forms of breast and thyroid surgery. She has done her Masters in General Surgery from the renowned King Edward Memorial Hospital in Mumbai, India followed by a specialization in Gastrointestinal Surgery from the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Medical Institute at Lucknow, India. She is a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 2017 she was conferred upon the Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons (FACS). She has a vast experience in laparoscopic abdominal surgery having trained at the Institute of Laparoscopic Surgery at Bordeaux, France.

Abstract:

Pancreatic surgery is associated with a relatively high morbidity and mortality compared with other abdominal surgeries. This is a result of the complex nature of the organ, the difficult access as a result of the retroperitoneal position and the number of technically challenging anastomoses required. Nevertheless, the past two decades have witnessed a steady improvement in morbidity and a decrease in mortality achieved through alterations of technique (particularly relating to the pancreatic anastomoses) together with hormonal manipulation to decrease pancreatic secretions. Recently minimally invasive or laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is now being performed in specialized HPB units around the world with results comparable to open surgery and lesser morbidity. While practically all pancreatic surgeries can be done laparoscopically, the most common procedure performed is a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, because of the more straightforward nature of the resection and the lack of a pancreatic ductal anastomosis. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is usually performed for tumors in the distal body and tail of the pancreas. Laparoscopic lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is also commonly done for patients with chronic pancreatitis with a dilated main pancreatic duct. Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy or Whipple’s procedure is also possible in experienced centers in selected group of patients with periampullary tumors. The results are equivalent or better than those associated with a traditional approach. One of the areas where the minimally invasive approach has been found to be exceptionally useful is in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis who require necrosectomy. A laparoscopic approach for necrosectomy is much safer and carries far less morbidity that the traditional open necrosectomy. The procedure can be done multiple times to clear the necrotic areas and drain the infection. This technique has also been shown to reduce surgery related mortality in this group of patients. The talk will focus on the current evidence base for increasing the use of laparoscopic pancreatic resection and will highlights challenges and other aspects that must be considered before adapting to this technique.

Biography:

Dr. Seema Khan is a pediatric gastroenterologist in Washington, District of Columbia and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Children's National Medical Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital. She received her medical degree from Aga Khan Medical College and has been in practice for more than 20 years. Dr. Khan accepts several types of health insurance, listed below. She is one of 14 doctors at Children's National Medical Center and one of 14 at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital who specialize in Pediatric Gastroenterology.

Abstract:

Definition and Epidemiology:

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immunologic disorder characterized by esophageal dysfunction and dense eosinophilia confined to the esophagus. It has been reported from most continents, with higher prevalence in Western than Eastern countries. It predominantly affects Caucasian males. Current prevalence is estimated as 0.5-1/2000 and incidence 5-10/100,000 in US and Europe.

Pathophysiology:                              

EoE has a strong heritability pattern with a 58% concordance rate in monozygotic twins and relative risk of 64% amongst brothers. Many genetic susceptibility elements have been identified including 5q22 at TSLP and 2p23 at CAPN14. These interact with antigen exposure in the form of food and inhalants, and microbiome leading to activation of T helper type 2 cell line of cytokine production including TGFβ, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5, thus producing epithelial barrier disruption, eosinophilic inflammation and remodeling. Conceptually, untreated or suboptimally treated EoE progresses from the stage of chronic inflammation to fibrostenosing, producing obstructive sequelae, often in the absence of stenosis and strictures.

Evaluation:

• Clinical presentations: EoE is clinically suspected in younger children with regurgitation, vomiting, feeding difficulties, and in adolescents and adults with dysphagia and food impaction. It is the most common cause of food impaction. Higher rates of atopic disease such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and hay fever are observed in EoE patients.
• Diagnosis if established by an upper endoscopy with esophageal biopsies showing at least 15 eos/hpf in the appropriate clinical context. Endoscopy features are classically edema, and exudates, notable in the early inflammatory stage, and furrowing, rings and strictures with progression to subepithelial fibrostenosis. A trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy does not reliably exclude GERD and hence is not required before the endoscopy. An esophageal impedance offers further investigation of GERD as warranted.
• An esophagram is important when differentiating from anatomical abnormalities and achalasia.
• Endoscopic functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) is a novel technique that is now being applied to measure esophageal distensibility and in the future may be an adjunct test in the assessment of EoE disease activity.
• Cytosponge and string test are being investigated as less invasive methods for esophageal samples.

Management:

Standard therapies include elimination diets, topical steroids and PPI. Investigational agents include anti-IL-5, anti-IL-13, anti-IL-4 and IL-13, anti-mast cells and anti IgE.

• Elimination diets: Removal of key food allergens (milk, wheat, eggs, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish, shell fish) is the basis of empiric 6, 4 and 2 food elimination, yielding 74/81%, 54/64%, and 40/44% success in adults and children respectively. The 2-4-6 start up study has shown earlier detection of triggers, and less endoscopies.
• Topical swallowed steroids: The conventional formulations are swallowed fluticasone, and budesonide slurry, with success rate of 50-80%. Recently, orodispersible budesonide tablet has demonstrated achievement of overall histological remission of ~85% at 12 weeks when use was extended from 6 to 12 weeks in non-responders.
• PPI: It is now known that patients with EoE have clinical and histologic response to PPI independent of their GERD status. Induction is usually achieved with a high dose PPI regimen for 8 weeks, followed by a lower dose for maintenance of remission. 70% children with initial PPI response maintained symptomatic and histologic remission at 1 year on a low PPI dose.

Summary:

EoE is an important esophageal disorder distinct from GERD by its unique transcriptome. With the increasing rate of diagnosis and its effects on health care costs, there is greater need to develop tools to assess disease activity, and implement safe and efficacious maintenance treatments, and to develop cost effective and minimally invasive protocols for follow up.

Biography:

Vito Annese has achieved his Medical Degree at the Catholic University of Rome and subsequently the CCST in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology at the same University. He also achieved the Master Degree in Medical Sciences at the KUL University of Leuven in Belgium. He has over 30-years of experience in gastroenterology, with specific interest in functional and inflammatory bowel disorders. He has authored about 300 peer reviewed publications mainly in the field of genetic predisposition and clinical trials in IBD. In the last 10-years he has been head of Gastroenterology at the Research Hospital of S. Giovanni Rotondo and at the University Hospital Careggi of Florence and in addition aggregate professor at the University of Foggia and Florence in Italy. Since one year he accepted the position of Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Valiant Clinic and community based physician at the American Hospital at Dubai.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Postoperative recurrence of CD is common; rates may vary depending on definition used. If untreated endoscopic recurrence will be 80%-100% within 3 years and clinical recurrence 20%-25% within 2 years. The purpose of this study is to review the strategy of risk stratification and better management of recurrence prevention.

Methodology: Extensive literature search.

Findings: Severity of endoscopic lesions used as predictive marker for future recurrence rates with a scoring system derived from seminal study by Rutgeerts. Risk factors for postoperative recurrence are: Smoking, prior intestinal surgery, absence of prophylactic treatment (EL1), penetrating disease at index surgery, perianal location (EL2), granulomas in resection specimen (EL2) and myenteric plexitis (EL3). Standard of care for preventing recurrence are: Endoscopic monitoring 6 to 12 months after surgery, prophylactic treatment with mesalamine (5-ASA), nitroimidazole antibiotics and thiopurines. Although safe, 5-ASA has high NNT to avoid clinical recurrence (=12) and endoscopic recurrence (=8). Using nitromidazole antibiotics reduced relapse rates, however, twice as many patients had adverse events and the effect is not sustained beyond 12 months. Thiopurines (AZA or MP) have shown variable benefit in reducing relapse rates in patients with postoperative, but with greater serious AEs than 5-ASA. Studies of postoperative treatment with anti-TNFα have significantly reduced endoscopic and surgical recurrence but not clinical recurrence (see figure).

Conclusion & Significance: Results from large recent trials (e.g. POCER, PREVENT, TOPPIC) have redefined frequency of endoscopic recurrence (±50% at 1 year; ±80% at 2 year) and its implications (clinical recurrence ±25% at 2 year) if untreated. Until more evidence is evaluated, the current standard of care includes: Smoking cessation, colonoscopic assessment within 1^st year after resection, individualized prophylaxis for patient-to-patient basis.

Biography:

Julio Murra-Saca is the Chief of Gastroenterology at Hospital Centro de Emergencias San Salvador, El Salvador working in private practice in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit performing diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. One of his main skills is the management of gastrointestinal bleeding as well as endoscopic resection of giant polyps of the colon. He has great experience in the therapeutic use of argon plasma coagulation in the management of multiple conditions in gastrointestinal endoscopy. He also performs intra-gastric balloons for obesity with 13 years of experience in this area.

Abstract:

A variety of endoscopic modalities have been introduced to treat GERD, including radiofrequency energy, suturing, plication and injection therapy. Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) of the lower esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal junction represent a new endoscopic therapy for GERD and has been developed by us with performing and observing during almost 15 years. APC is a diathermy based non-contact therapeutic endoscopic modality that may have a lower risk of perforation than other tissue ablation techniques. Our work initiated after observing the improvements of symptoms of GERD in a patient who has suffered for more than 30 years from this disease and also has Barrett esophagus of the long segment in who we performed in two occasions with one month intervals aggressive ablation therapy with APC. After two therapies with APC the patient reported that he has abandoned his treatment with PPI because his symptoms disappeared. After having observed this phenomenon we initiated our protocol of a new therapeutic treatment with APC with deliberated energy from the gastroesophageal junction in circular motion ascending approximately 6 centimeters. Various rings of ablative therapy are formed with APC. This is similar mechanism of the Stretta device that it is speculated that RF energy induces coagulation of the LES and neuronal tissues within the gastroesophageal junction with use of the Stretta device. This procedure also has been demonstrated to be feasible, as well as safe, and is approved by the FDA for treatment of GERD. Setting: Single endoscopy center; study period from October 2003 to June 2018. Our purpose was to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness. The results are as follows: APC Ablation of de Lower third of the esophagus procedure significantly improves GERD symptoms, quality of life and esophageal acid exposure and eliminates the need for antisecretory medication in the majority of patients at 12 months. Most patients have manifested the reduction of the symptoms in 70-90% of the cases and 70%-80% showed heartburn symptom resolution at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Regurgitation symptoms improved 70%-90% at three months. It can be conclusions that the ablative therapy with argon plasma coagulator for gastroesophageal reflux is safe and effective and is associated with symptom reductions in patients with GERD.

Biography:

Dino Tarabar graduated from University of Belgrade, School of Medicine in 1984. Specialized internal medicine in 1995 and currently is a subspecialist gastroenterologist/oncologist. He is a full professor and currently deputy chief of the Clinic of gastroenterology at the Military Medical Academy and also heads the department for the treatment of IBD. He is a member of the European Association for the Treatment of IBD (ECCO), a member of the American Association for the Treatment of IBD patients (CCFA), the Association of American Gastroenterologists (AGAF), the European Association for the Treatment of Malignancies (EORTC), the European Society of Medical Oncologists (ESMO). He has published more than 120 papers in domestic and international journals, 30 of which in journals of leading international significance.

Abstract:

Background: Vedolizumab is an anti-integrin monoclonal antibody approved for use in moderate to severe Ulcerative Colitis (UC). However, concurrent use of calcineurin inhibitors was not studied in the original clinical trials but has subsequently been described. Here we describe the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in conjunction with vedolizumab for severe, steroid - resistant UC patients.

Methods: This is a prospective study of 17 UC patients treated with cyclosporine in conjunction with vedolizumab at the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. UC patients, not responding to IV steroids for 3 days were treated with IV cyclosporine at doses of 2-4 mg/kg titrated to goal trough level of 300-400. At day 8 after IV cyclosporine was started (defined as week 0), those who responded were prescribed vedolizumab 300 mg IV. After vedolizumab was administered, cyclosporine was continued orally at double the IV dose and discontinued after 8 weeks of cyclosporine use. Vedolizumab was additionally dosed at 300 mg at weeks 2 and 6, followed by 300 mg IV every 8 weeks. Patients are planned to be followed up to 52 weeks. Demographics and disease information were reviewed. Clinical and endoscopic response and remission were the primary endpoints.

Results: 17 patients (mean age 40 (range 20-67 years)); mean disease duration 4.9±4 years with severe, steroid-resistant UC were treated with cyclosporine. Two patients did not respond to I.V cyclosporine and were referred to surgery. 15 (79%) patients (9/15 male) initially responded to I.V cyclosporine (median cyclosporine dose 200 mg (100-300) IV and 400 mg (200-600) oral. At admission, patients’ median Lichtiger score was 12 and Mayo endoscopic subscore was 3. At initial follow-up at week 10, 11 (73%) patients achieved a Mayo subscore of ≤1 (decrease from 3 at admission). Patients’ mean Lichtiger score decreased to 5 at week 0, CRP decreased to 15.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg/L at weeks 0, 2, 6, respectively. At week 26, 14/15 patients were in clinical remission and 11/14 are still in endoscopic remission with Mayo subscore ≤1.

Conclusions: This is the first prospective study of cyclosporine and vedolizumab in steroid-refractory severe UC patients. We demonstrate significant effectiveness and safety of this treatment on week 10 and 26 after vedolizumab was started. Further trials are warranted.

Biography:

Mohan has gained close experiences of medical education and state of art training from Nepal, India and China. He was also certified by ECFMG (USA) in 2006 for passing USMLE. In 2009, he got special training of wireless video capsule endoscopy from a pioneer institute Chongqing medical university, China and in 2015 also had opportunity to get advanced level of training from a tertiary referral gastroenterology center at GB Pant Hospital, Delhi, India. In the period of 2011 to 2016, he has attended, chaired and presented in many national and international conferences, seminars and endoscopy workshops. He has published more than half dozen papers in national and international peer reviewed journals and is also reviewer and editor of some international journals. His interest is exploring novice in Irritable bowel syndrome, Celiac disease and Video capsule endoscopy.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Celiac Disease (CD) screening test in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) symptoms is recommended by many international society guidelines including American College of Gastroenterology, given the higher global prevalence of CD approximately 4 times higher in IBS than in the general population of <1%. Though, screening of CD by serological test is preferred, duodenal biopsy is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of CD. In practice, most IBS patients undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy sooner or later for evaluation of high associated conditions like dyspepsia and or Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms (GERD). So, taking routine duodenal biopsy to screen CD looks reasonable.

Methodology: Medline, PubMed and EMBASE were searched for the keywords irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, routine endoscopic duodenal biopsy (1991 to 2018).

Findings: When the pretest probability of CD is perceived to be low (<5%), serologic study with IgA anti tTG (immunoglobulin A anti tissue transglutaminase) is the initial preferred test in excluding the diagnosis. Patients with a high probability of CD (>5%), regardless of the serology, should undergo an upper endoscopy with small bowel biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of celiac. As per most of the studies, pretest probability of CD in IBS is close to 3%. Different studies have shown that routine endoscopic duodenal biopsy in presumed IBS have diagnostic yield of CD from 2.4 % to 5%. In contrast to 99-100% yield of sero-positivity in classical CD, in atypical CD like IBS, the sero-positivity is only 40 -70%. There is high association of dyspepsia (27-87%) and GERD (42%) in patients with IBS. By doing routine duodenal biopsy, other associations of IBS such as giardiasis, collagenous sprue etc could also be ruled out.

Conclusion: Though pretest probability of CD in IBS may be <5%, it seems logical to perform routine endoscopic duodenal biopsy in patients with IBS to screen for CD as practiced in many centers in USA, Europe and Asia.

Biography:

Noriyuki Nishino has his expertise in evaluation and passion in diagnosis and treatment of Gastroenterology, especially pancreatico-biliary system with ERCP and diagnosis by Abdominal xerography. He has completed his Graduation from Jichi Medical University in 1987. He is a Director of Gastroenterology Center, Southern TOHOKU Hospital.

Abstract:

ERCP is the standard procedure for endoscopic biliary treatment. However the rate to access Bile Duct (BD) has not up to 100% on any facilities, between 92.5 with 98.7% in previous reports. How would we shoot the rest cases? Consider how to improve them. Popular Wire-Guided Cannulation (WGC) would not elucidate unsuccessful cases owing all to endoscopist’s skill without key images of cannulation difficulty. On the other hand Contrast-Assisted Cannulation (CAC) provides much information. In practice, there are many anatomical variations of Intra-Ampullary Bifurcations (IAB). A small volume of contrast may provide useful guidance for its variation and angle of IAB, furthermore the presence of Intra-Ampullary Choledochocele (IAC), which has not reported. IAC is recognized a tiny cyst on midway of BD within ampulla by only CAC, would require refractory pursuit the deformed axis even shown pathway. We report our consecutive data on our facility. We have been consecutively performed ERCP with CAC for all patients. Our strategy was carried out with a small volume contrast medium injection. A selective cannulation to BD was completed by a catheter operation only without Guide Wire (GW) seeking. The success rate to access BD was 97.9% and overall post-ERCP pancreatitis was 1.6%. We consider the difficulty of ERCP would be related with shape of papilla. We also show its variation and classification out of our accumulation. The difficulty on ERCP was morphologically evaluated by anatomical IAB. IAC is only recognized by CAC even GW would not trace the deformed axis. IAC would be one of the factors for difficult ERCP, therefore CAC would be a preferable strategy to identify the presence of IAC. Careful treatment under knowledge of IAB would provide secure and certain ERCP.

Biography:

Kaiser Raja is a Senior Consultant Physician in Liver Diseases and Liver Transplantation. He is the Chief Hepatologist for the Integrated Liver Care Team at Aster DM Healthcare Group in India running multi-organ transplant centers at Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore and at Aster Medcity in Kochi, India. He has completed his post-graduate medical training in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology from the renowned Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh India. Following that he has done an Advanced Liver Diseases and Transplant Hepatology Fellowship from the Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York. He has several publications to his credit. His areas of interest are chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, liver cancer and post transplantation care.

Abstract:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the man causes of death in cirrhosis. Apart from chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome associated NASH is emerging as an important risk factor for HCC. Robust radiological diagnostic criteria for HCC have been defined thus obviating the need for liver biopsy in more than 90 percent of cases. While early HCC (small <3 cm) in a patient with child A cirrhosis can be effectively treated by resection or ablation, most patients presenting with advanced HCC have limited treatment options. Prognostication of HCC is extremely important while selecting patients for transplantation so that post-transplant recurrence can be minimized. The Milan criteria and the University College of San Francisco (UCSF) criteria are based on the principle of size and number of tumors, which are regarded as an indirect marker of tumor aggressiveness and biology. Vascular invasion is an important predictor of recurrence and while major vascular invasion is a contraindication to transplant, there is no direct measure of micro-vascular invasion. Although high levels of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) and Des-Gamma-Carboxy-Prothrombin (DCP) have been shown to adversely affect prognosis, the search for a perfect marker that would determine tumor biology remains elusive. Ongoing research is now focusing on tumor biology to select treatment options including candidates for transplant. Tumor biology can be assessed by serum biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, molecular (gene) markers, histological markers and specialized radiological features. Gene expression profiling has allowed stratifying HCCs into several clinically relevant subgroups that were previously unrecognized by conventional methods. Specific gene signatures of aggressiveness, micro-vascular invasion, recurrence and risk of metastases have been developed. HCC-associated micro RNAs have also been assessed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. ¹⁸FDG PET/CT has been shown to provide excellent prognostic information. Tumors that are PET avid show poor differentiation, micro-vascular invasion, are associated with higher AFP levels and have a higher risk of recurrence after transplant or resection. ¹⁸FDG PET/CT may have a role in identifying patients within Milan or UCSF criteria who may have higher recurrence risk post-transplant and therefore may not be offered transplant as well as identifying patients outside standard criteria who may have a low recurrence risk and therefore may be offered transplant. To conclude, evidence suggests that intrinsic biologic characteristics of the tumor in terms of proliferation and invasiveness lead to very different clinical outcomes. Numerous biomarkers, and imaging with ¹⁸FDG PET/CT have been studied that provide additional information for HCC biologic behavior, metastasis and recurrence compared to traditional radiological and histo-pathological features.

Biography:

Dr. Prithvipriyadarshini Shivalingaiah is a Medical Gastroenterologist, working as a consultant in Narayana multispeciality Hospital in Mysore, India since 3 years. Having completed MD in internal medicine in the year 2010 and DM-Superspeciality and DNB in Gastroenterology in the year 2015 and 2016 from Bangalore. She is well versed with clinical gastroenterology and Hepatology as well as performs therapeutic endoscopic procedures like endoscopic variceal ligation, sclerotherapy, ERCP, stenting, dilatations of strictures, colonoscopic polypectomies, APC and so on. She has over four publications and presented at CMEs and conferences  across India. Presented at Asia pacific Liver conference- APASL 2017 held in China. A good speaker and orator who has given talks in various medical as well as general gatherings , both in rural and urban areas to raise awareness on health issues in India. She has organised and been a part of various charity health camps across rural India.

Abstract:

Acute variceal bleed is a fatal complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, and it is important to achieve hemostasis at the earliest. Endoscopic variceal ligation is a preferred modality in controlling variceal bleed. The blood pool in esophagus and oozing of blood from varices cause hindrance for variceal ligation leads to failure of therapy. With this background, endoscopic variceal ligation of patients in sitting position was done and results were analyzed. Cirrhotics presenting with hematemesis were included in the study. Amongst them, patients having hypotension and hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. Initial endoscopic assessment was done in left lateral position; patients with isolated gastric variceal and ulcer bleed were further excluded. Amongst 98 acute bleed patients selected, 28 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. They were divided into two groups of age and CTP score matched groups of 14 in each arm. In the first group, during endoscopy, position was shifted from conventional left lateral position to sitting posture and improvement in field of vision was noted as the blood moved to stomach by gravity and band ligation was done. Initial assessment during the study revealed: Better visibility aiding the procedure, no aspiration during the procedure, duration of band ligation was comparable to that of non-bleeders and additional sclerotherapy was not required in any case. In the second group, EVL was done in conventional left lateral position and it was noted that procedure time was delayed and three patients’ required additional sclerotherapy and two patients had recurring bleed within 48 hours of procedure. Following the procedure, patients were observed for five days. There was no failure of therapy in the first group, which was analyzed according to Baveno vi consensus. There was one death in each arm. In the unconventional position group, death was due to sepsis and metabolic acidosis causing death and second group, death was renal failure and shock. This study suggests, endoscopic variceal ligation in sitting position, in suitable patients helps in achieving hemostasis early with least complications.